THE question of defining the Pliocene - Pleistocene boundary has become important in recent years, because the practices of different geologists have varied to such an extent that deposits ...

The terrestrial geography and ocean basin configuration were largely unchanged, many floral and faunal species were still extant. Thus, the mid-Pliocene is regarded as a potential analog for the ...

Carbon dioxide levels in the Earth’s atmosphere hit nearly 420 parts per million in 2021 — a level not seen in around four million years, since the mid-Pliocene Epoch, long before our own ...